Dementia Interventions And Implications Health And Social Care Essay

derangement Interventions And Implications Health And Social C atomic count 18 turn erupt lunacy is one of the in the come about causes of nonfatal disability in the genuine world and by 2030 it is predicted that frenzy every(prenominal)ow be the third in the lead cause of the years of life lost c all(prenominal)able to death and disability .Measured using the concept of disability ad on the noseed life years (DALYS) which combines a measure of the average years of life lost due to ailment with the years lived with disability Mathers and lonrail focusing car (2006). Alzheimers society describes lunacy as a considerationinus used to describe various different brain disorders that fuck off in common a conditionination of brain function that is usu totallyy forward and eventually severe on that point are over 100 different types of mania. (All Parliamentary party groups on dementia 2009) reports, in that location are most 700,000 raft in the UK at once with d ementia. That number allow double up within 30 years and the financial cost of the dementia today is more than the cost of heart unsoundness, fecescer and stroke combined. In orbicular burden unhealthiness WHO( 2003) it was estimated that disability from dementia is higher than almost all conditions with the exceptions of spinal cord injury and terminal gagecer .Dementia is a wellness and social look at challenge of scale, we can no longstanding treat it and government recognized this with national dementia strategy for England in February( 2009). Dementia is a significant life changing process affecting everyone in different ways .Different type of dementia affects individual sight differently. My faux pas study is about Mr. Roy who is diagnosed with Fronto temporal dementia who has progressive voice communion loss and cognitive decline. As he suffers from primary progressive aphasia, all discipline gained from his married woman .Jane. I have changed all names of s omebodys and lays to protect confidentiality as followed by NMC guidelines.Mr. Roy was a supervisor and driver for a come with for 35 years, use employee, he married Jane and had cardinal children. Roys mum has history of undiagnosed psychotic somebody businesss. He always had abrupt mannerism, strict with everything and always wanted to be first. Although he was dedicated to his job and never had time for his family, Jane was the main upkeepr of the family. She locomoteed as manager of a residential home .She says that he never been there for my children. Roy was a lovely person when he married her, after she had quad children, he was working as a supervisor for a company for 35 years. Roy lost his job when he could non accept the changes in work environment, when the company started to use the modern equipments. He started to behave opposedly, he collected speckle documents and kept it on the top of the attic, as he does non same(p) Changes Companys policies .He lost his job as this company locomote to another place. He lost interest in his family life he spent time in pub and always had fleeting brothel keeper friends and spends money for them, which always leaded him to have debts and borrowed from banks and building society, without fucking his wife. His wife had to face the summonses, bills and police cases for a long time. She continued to pay top .He had problems with managing accounts, immortalizes and names of children. Roy started to be very rude and argumentative pressure on his wife for money and spent it treating others in the pub. He had lots of temporary lady friends his personality changed, he threatened his wife with a ordnance one day to find his way. His driving skills became measly, and he had a car crash but survived miraculously. He never mentioned with his car after this incident. Mr. Roy indeed isolated him ego .He use to visit regularly to the place where the company was and traveled several times in a bus on t he pertinacious route. He has been referred to the psychiatrist and diagnosed of anxiety, depression and he refused to undergo any intercession for 3 years. His condition start worse .Roys memory deteriorated. He admitted to the hospital due to his difficult deportment pneumonia Mrs. Jane had to take voluntary retirement due to financial commitment and to look after Roy. Her daughter was very supportive to her other three children despised him, and never bothered about their dad. Roy because sectioned due to his difficult behaviour admitted in mental health unit, undergone a CT scan and diagnosed of Fronto temporal dementia. He moved to an EMI breast feeding home to manage his complex needs. Roy displays physical aggression both positive and threatening. Roy says do you want twain black eyes. He will remonstrate his fist and will attempt to slap the staves faces. Roys inhibitions appears reduced which often results in socially inappropriate behaviours .Physical aggression towards fellow residents, Roy appears to have no sharpness to his own condition on others illness and safety. Roy is at high seek of absconding and has a past history of windows and absconding from the previous care settings .Roy is self heedlessness ,resistive towards personal care , his behaviour can be challenging when round onset him regarding personal care .He has no concept of risk to himself or others ,he will invade peoples personal space and can become confrontational regardless of any age groups .When people ask Roy questions he will laugh inappropriately, mimic ,or answer inappropriately ,for example dont be inconclusive .His short term memory appears impaired to the place and date .Long term memory appears impaired and muddled . Roy believes that he was in the Navy, but his wife has told that this was incorrect .Some aspects of Roys long term memory are intact and he is able to recognize family members He likes to wear coat and tie all the time .Conversational sk ills are limited and superficial in style accordingly further mental health assessment are difficult. Roy likes melody and will play loud music with no concept to others. When his mood lowers Roy has a tendency to socially isolate himself ,He is in advance long prescribed antidepressants and his mood currently appears stable ,he has a sweet tooth , can be very demanding for particularly chocolate clairs .He tends to get chest infections recurrently.Common causes of dementia are Alzheimers ailment ,vascular dementia ,Korsakoffs syndrome ,Dementia with Lewy bodies Fronto temporal dementia ,Creutzfeldt Jacob syndrome ,Aids related cognitive impairment ,other rarer causes like Progressive Supranuclear palsy, and Bins angers disease. People with multiple Sclerosis, motor neuron disease, Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons disease can also at an increased risk of go uping dementia.jr. onset of dementia is arbitrarily delimit as beginning forwards the age of 65 years. It is much ra rer than late on set of dementia (Harvey, 1998) the proportion of those with Fronto Temporal Dementia is thought to be higher in new-fashioneder-on set group than among old(a) people developing dementia. (Dale2003 Williams 2001) possibly be stresses for family members. In addition , the social and psychological context of younger people with dementia is different from that of older people (Cox and Keady,1999 Tined all and Manthrope,1997)The term Fronto temporal dementia covers a range of condition including picks disease and dementia associated with motor neuron disease all are caused by injury to the frontal lobes and the temporal parts of the brain, these are responsible for the delirious responses and diction skills Alzheimers society (factsheet404)explains the core features of FTD as defined by the Neary criteria are premature decline in social and personal bestow, mad blunting and loss of insight. selective brain degeneration is seen in dorsolateral orbital and medical frontal cerebral mantle (Neary).Personality shifts in the direction of submissiveness are typical for FTD. Although extroversion can surface in previously introverted individual s(Rankin, Kramer, Mychackand Miller(2003) points out that there is a shift from the warmth to coldness on personality scares .Changes in formal religious or political believes and patterns of dress suggesting changes in the sense of self are common, assess for personal boundaries disappears, some patient stare and become overfriendly, taking openly to the strangers(including children),Increased trust for others make these patients vulnerable to financial scams or sexual exploitation. Indiscretion causes embarrassment to the family and disinhibited verbal outbursts or socially inappropriate behaviour is common. Miller (1997) describes the symptoms are Antisocial behaviours, often reflect poor judgement and impaired impulse control. Impairment in personal conduct is a core feature .Some can be overactive with verbal and motor activities .where as others become inactive and withdrawn, some patients will fluctuate between over activity and apathy. Gregory and Hodges (1996)Kean Kalder, Hodges and young ,(2002),Rosen et al,(2004) departure of precaution for others and prominent emotional blunting tend to isolate the patient .A consolation of cognitive and emotional changes tocontributeto this emotional blunting .for example ,comprehension and expression .are deficient , and the inability to comprehend the emotions that others are tinting. That the others are feeling particularly better, negative emotions contributes to the feeling that the patient is no longer concerned about his or her loved ones, in addition, patients become self centred and tend to focus on their own particular needs and desires. In a medical crisis setting, patients may respond with inappropriate lack of concern , sometimes in a bizarre manner (Johansson Hagberg,1989Kramer et al 2003) loss of executive functions leads to impaired multi tasking , displacement abstracting , make sound judgments , planning and problem solving the executive problems can be the first manifestaon of std proceeding behavioural deficits ( lindauetal 2000) poor performance at jobs leads these patients to get fired , and they tend to work at progressively simpler occupations. Similarly, catastrophic financial loss due to poor decision making is common prior to presentation at the physicians office (miller 1995) explains that preservative and stereo typed behaviours emerge in the middle stages of FTD, simple repetitious motor or verbal acts much(prenominal) as lips making, hand guide or humming are common. More complex behaviours such as collecting (garbage, rocks, stamps, plastic figures) wandering a fixed route or counting money, evolve in patients. Hyperorality manifests in over eating and changes in food preference to a certain type of food or even conception of inedible objects. Analysing this behaviour ch aracteristics Mr Roy is exactly the same features we can see in him .Roys challenging behaviour can be the signs of affliction anger, aggression anxiety, and withdrawal .As ( Kerr and Cunningaham2004 ) states that it is difficult to determine how person respond to the behaviour or responses of a person with dementia ,if we do not know what caused it for and how person interprets it .As Roy has a rare form of dementia with primary progressive dysphasiaPatient with FTD also go on to develop speech and language problems during the evolution of disease, (Neary 1998 Pasquier, Lebert, Lavenu and Gallium, 1999).Depression occurs and many patients with FTD are diagnosed with depressive disorders before dementia is bare (miller 1991) depression has atypical features that are a clue to the real diagnosis. Loss of insight regarding behavioural changes, fall empathy for others, denial of depression, changes, diminished empathy for others, denial of depression, apathy, and blunt affect are p resent, in many patients with FTD and depressive features. Psychotic features, such as delusions and hallucination, occur but are infrequent. Deficits in working memory, set shifting and generation are evident, episodic memory deficits can be prominent, leading to misdiagnosis of AD. (Lindau 2000) (Miller, Swartz Lesser, Darby, 1997) states that excessive smoking and alcohol or drug abuse can lead to the misdiagnosis of alcohol or drug addiction, patients with FTD tend to overeat in gluttonous manner. In clinical practice because many physicians are unacquainted(predicate) with its specific features FTLD is commonly misdiagnosed as AD. Decline in social and personal conduct, emotional blunting, loss of insight and progressive speech disorder develop archaeozoic in the FLTD.(Dawn Brooker 2007) points out that understanding persons past history is important to providing person centred care, by looking at procedures for how key stories are know about and how these are communicated Person with dementia is central to this process although others such as family or professional carers can also derive abundant benefits from being involved . The process and its tangible outcomes assist communications and incite the development of positive semblanceships, Life story work therefore has a multiple benefits for various people. It is and activity that all the largely about the past, takes place in the present .it involves a series of intensive, non threatening highly personal discussions between the person disabled by dementia and responsive thankful listener .As Roys dementia has progressed and is unable to gain any information from him . Cunningham (2006) overleap of awareness and knowledge about the needs of the patients with dementia can lead to challenging behaviour and misinterpretation of their needs. The ABC analysis of behaviour is a useful thriving tool for understanding patients with Dementia. This system provides an opportunity to record all the fact ors which interact to create a challenging situation. (Wang and miller 2006) points out that many aspects of this disorder make it particularly troublesome for caregivers, including loss of empathy for others, apathy, diminished insight and inappropriate sound behaviours that characterize these patients. It can be argued that successful caring relationships are those here the person with Dementia is accepted just for what they are, not pressurised to become what they once were an impossible target for them to achieve.Kitwood was the first writer to use the term personhood in relation to people with dementia, he defined personhood as a standing or status that is bestowed upon what human being by other, in the context of the relationship and social being .It implies recognition, respect and trust. Brooker (2004) helpfully encapsulates the person -centred frame work in four areas valuing the person with dementia and those who provide care for them.(V)The individuality of each person wi th dementia ,(I),The important perspective of person with dementia (P) and the key role compete by persons social environment person centred care involves the integration of these four elements. So the people with dementia and those who care for then truly seen as VIPs.A senses frame work has been proposed by Nolan as a of understanding these triangular relationship between the person with dementia ,the coitus and the care home staff .Six senses are highlighted .those are sense of protection ,sense of belongings ,sense of continuity ,sense of purpose ,sense of achievement and sense of significance .For person with dementia living in a care home the two key sets of triangle relationship are first ,with family members and friends and second, with various members of staff provide care .the relationship with family and friends is vital in the context of the persons move through life the relationship with staff is vital in relation day to day comfort and satisfactions needs .Nolan e t al argues (20032006) argue that these sextuplet senses are essential for the relationship that are mutually satisfied for all concerned .for each of six areas ,the person with dementia ,family member and care worker may experience this differently ,yet a gap in any of these areas will unbecomingly affect the whole step of relationship.(Woods Keady bseddonch Diane 2007)explains that the person with dementia may feel secure and safe when he or she has a friendly smiling faces around, and physical needs are responding to promptly and quietly (the family member may feel secure when she or he feel confident that the person is in corking hands . and receiving good care .the care worker may feel secure when their job is not under threat . when they do not feel criticised and scrutinised for every action, and when they do not feel under threat or attack, whether physical or verbal. A study by CSCI (2008) of care homes has shown the quality of care staff, communication with people wit h dementia has a major impact on their quality of life .leadership ethos, of care home staff training support and good development are crucial factors in supporting good practice.Jane hated Roy because his difficult behaviour and the stress she had before diagnosis. G.Ps were not aware of this dementia as it is rare form of dementia ,.A fundamental way facilitating carers involvement, is for the nurses and the carers to negotiate a relationship within which involvement can keep in line in a way that endorses the principles of good practice is already open .Walker. E and Jane, B (2001)Fronto temporal lobe degeneration strikes at relatively young age, so the disease often causes dramatic economic and social consequences before patients arrive in the clinic. The UK National service frame work for older people states that there should be specialist services for the younger people with dementiaDOH,(2001)National service frame work for long term Neurological Conditions advices that ther e should be person centred services ,early recognition ,prompt diagnosis treatment and early rehabilitation(DoH,2005)When Jane had to face the consequences of the challenging behaviours financially and emotionally for long periods as she was not getting enough help from the health professionals ,and lack of diagnosis and oblivious(predicate) of his type of dementia .the person with dementia will adjust with this by nature ,but it can be much more difficult for their loved ones, since they are distressed by what they lost .Miller and Wang (2003) Typical and Atypical antipsychotics have been used for controlling aggressive and psychotic symptoms. However considering the possible adverse response with deteriorating motor symptoms and dysphasia, antipsychotics should only be used as a last resort.An increasing number of structured or therapeutic activity-based interventions constitute for people with dementia. Examples include reality orientation cognitive stimulation therapy music t herapy art, writing, dance and movement drama aromatherapy and sensory stimulation intergenerational programmes Montessori-based methods doll therapy the SPECAL approach emotion-oriented care horticultural therapy and woodlands therapy. Reviews have revealed that the research state for most of these activities appears weak, yet the visible positive effect they have on individuals and anecdotal evidence indicates that they are worthwhile and haveReferancesKerr D. Cunningham c(2004)Finding the right response to people with Dementia .breast feeding and residential care .6,11, 539-542.Harvey R.J (1998) Family Burden young onset of dementia Epidemiology, clinical symptoms, support and outcome London Imperial College.Walker E. Devar B.J. (2001) issues and innovations in Nursing Practice .How do we facilitate carer involvement in decision making? Journal of advanced Nursing 34(3) , 329-337.ConclusionThe above study and so explains the severity of Dementia and its consequences if left un attended. As stated above the number of people getting affected by this disease is increasing at a very high rate. Thus this disease seems to pose a serious threat to mankind and its social existence. The time has come to buzz off large scale studies and experiments on this disease and thereby device a methodology/cure for this. Also WHO should promote awareness about this disease among common public to ensure early detection and thereby cut back further health risks.

Key Trends In Footwear Industry

Key Trends In Footwear IndustryThe key trends before long affecting this industry can be seen in both the macro and micro environments. Firstly, alongside Government health bear ons, consumers are exercising more (Bauer 2008, p.14). Dichotomously, the World Health Organization predicts that there will be 2.3 jillion overweight adults in the world by 2015 (BBC risings, 2008). Therefore an interesting enigma is emerging between consumers becoming more fitness-oriented and those who are being pushed to role more. Bauer further reports that an growth in health-club memberships has driven gross revenue of active agentwear.More particularised to the sportswear sector, an initial trend is the rise of consumer nostalgia, which has led to many cracks re-releasing hereditary pattern or retro products for fashion-related purposes. Another key trend is the merging of sportswear and technology as scores develop advanced fabrics and continue to develop activity-specific technologies in from each one sport (Pedersen, Parks, Quaterman and Thibault 2010, p. 80). Bauer overly reports that these companies have a bias towards mannish consumers, but this being addressed by more attention to womens feature needs and tastes. Moreover, in response to a higher bargaining part of retailers, sportswear companies are opening their own concept stores.Company oscilloscope cougar AG can be considered as one the leading(p) manufacturers of athletic seat, sportswear, as well as accessories in the world. It is best cognize for its products like soccer topographic point, and uses sponsorship for its marketing strategy. The ships keep companionship had already done some(prenominal) sponsorship for different international sports super heads like Diego Armando Maradonna and offer different personal line of credit of sport clothing that designed by renowned designers such as Lamine Kouyate.The company was archetypally founded in 1924, as Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik, in English, the Dassler Brothers Shoe grind by the Dassler brothers, Adi and Rudi. But the partnership ended during the World War II, when the brothers had a great fight, that lead for separation of the business. Adi continue the business and renamed it from his nickname and first 3 letters of his surname Adidas. On the other hand, Rudi founded his own company named, mountain lion AG Schufabrik Rudolf Dassles, on the other side of Aurach, in 1948 (Pedersen 2006, p.513).The company had travel famous due to their forward-looking products such as the cultivate of vulcanization in producing their soccer shoes that had become the standard influence for the soccer shoes during that time. The company had also introduced their innovation in hurry shoes with the help of the unique shape sole and the Velcro strap. painter strike out differentiationIn recent years, the panther brand has become synonymous with fashion, style, and sport. Through fresh design, co-branding and partnershi ps with celebrities and famous designers, Puma has elevated their brand image so that it now competes with fashion brands as well as their traditional rivals in the sporting footwear industry. The Puma brand communicating strategy is flexible across multiple categories, yet march ons innovation for an active lifestyle (Sports in America 2008). Puma communicates with each category in a unique manner, but the tone is distinctly tied endure to the overall brand through and through the overarching brand personality and identity.To extend their brand Puma has haved concept retail stores that enable people to experience the brand in engaging and compelling ways (Cassidy 2001, p.31). Puma also engages customers through their Mongolian barbeque concept that enables customers to design and build their own footwear from scratch. Further differentiating the brand from traditional rivals, Puma frequently hosts promotional events that are based virtually active lifestyle themes based on din ing, entertainment, fashion, and music.Puma creative advertisingPuma has emphasized its position as a trendy brand. For example, during the 2002 World Cup in Japan, while Nike and Adidas spent millions of dollars on conventional advertising, Puma used sushi bars in fifteen cities around the world including refreshful York, Hong Kong, and Madrid to showcase its product. Puma branding music director Antonio Bertone noted that Pumas target market of fashion-conscious customers are eating sushi anyway. The company also began stringning a commercial that featured former English soccer player Vinnie Jones and other Puma sponsored athletes in a sushi restaurant (Tkacik 2002, p. B8). non all major ad campaigns feature celebrity athlete endorsements. New Balance has a long standing policy against such endorsements. Instead, it relies on campaigns featuring every day people. One of their most recent campaigns ran under the catchword There are two motivations in sports. Which is yours? For love or g overaged? which emphasized their focus on producing shoes for everyone who enjoys sports, not just star athletes (White 2005, p. 13). This strategy complements their original product positioning as a company for serious runners that also makes shoes in all widths, for athletes of different abilities and shoes sizes.FashionizationStyle-conscious consumers, guided in part by effective marketing, want shoes that will enhance their image and not just cover their toes. Customers call attention whether their shoes have a swoosh or a neglect thereof, thus entrants will have difficulty winning them over without these symbols and the cool-factor that goes with them. take down in the athletic shoe sector, the importance of fashion over affair is rising. The fashionization of shoes took off in 1997, when Puma enlisted designer Jil Sander to create a limited-edition womens running shoe to ignite its lackluster image and sales (Orecklin 2002, p. Y4).Celebrity advertisingThe effec tiveness of celebrity advertising has been linked by some authors, to the process of social influence (All-Star Athletes Reveal -Almost- All for Puma TV Campaign 2005, p.9). In a seminal work, authors had it distinguished two forms of social influence. The first, termed informational social influence, refers to influence to accept information obtained from some other as evidence about reality. The second, normative social influence, refers to the influence to conform to another person or group (Pedersen, Parks, Quaterman and Thibault 2010, p. 112). Using celebrity advertising is necessary, since Puma shoes stick to its goal to mix sports, lifestyle, and fashion.New twinge campaignPUMA decided to communicate their brand image through a product-focused campaign that conveys cutting edge style to a 16-34 year old audience (Sports Industry Trends 2008). Puma introduced the award winning New Stuff campaign as a way to showcase their design leadership. New stuff cross executions highli ghted the freshest new Puma styles and the commitment that Puma has to providing customers with innovative sport lifestyle products.A core objective of the campaign was to increase sales, increase the mainstream audiences knowledge of Puma ranges and project the brands core values as being different. New products needed to be showcased to the mainstream audience in a creative and unique way that was unexpected, unique and different (Sports Industry Trends 2008). To communicate this concept, animated animals such as monkeys, bats, bees, mice, and fish are depicted as playfully interacting with Puma products in an engaging and fresh manner.Puma first introduced this campaign in 15 second television advertisements (Thompson and Baden-Fuller 2010, p. 118). The campaign was visually fresh and clean with crisp photography that drew attention to the products. The print advertising that followed reflects the focused simplicity and whimsical nature of the TV spots. build momentum from the h oliday season TV spots were run in November and they drew inspiration from Aesops fables by depicting two typical adversaries gifting each other Puma presents. Based upon the success of the TV ads, print ads were run into the following two seasons highlighting new Puma products. Elements of the ad migrated into contact media environments, engaging advertising savvy young adults who might be fishy of broadcast advertising (Pedersen, Parks, Quaterman and Thibault 2010, p. 218).

Climate Of Lahore And Thermal Comfort Environmental Sciences Essay

modality Of Lahore And Thermal Comfort Environmental Sciences tasteChapter 22.1 IntroductionClimate has great government issue on build for its electri city consumption and create performance. Energy efficient design requires the love of the mood. The e trulyplaceall erupting forming and engine cooling system requirements in the buildings is controlled by clime during pass and winter placate. As we have selected our state of affairs in Kala Shah Kaku, Punjab and kala shah kaku is located in Lahore function in that respectfore the description of the climatical data of Lahore region is pre designer be piteous.2.2 Climatic classificationClimate cig atomic number 18t be classified in ground building design in which the country will be change integrity into five regularizes in such a way that the inequality of climate from zone to zone can be seen in the building design, gauranting more or less special provision for each zone. Based on these criteria, thither a r five major climatic zones, anxious- ironic impatient-humidColdTemperate multiformTypes of climate Typical CharacteristicsCold Excessive heat loss for some of the yearMinimum Temperature infra -15 CTemperate Excessive heat lost for damp of yearInadequate heat loss for part of yearTemperature changes -30 C to 30 CHot/Dry overheat for close part of the yearDry nervous st rainfall allow vaporizationTemperature ranges -10 C to 45 CHigh radiationStrong WindsHot/Humid Overheating for about of yearHumid conduct inhibits coolingTemperature often above 20 CMean relative humidity around 80 %High rain in certain months hold over 2.1 typical signs of different types of climates2.3 Climatic zones of PakistanPakistan has a wide range of climatic conditions. The Northern and North- Western parts of Pakistan are cooler, the centre of the Punjab is totally keen and semi-arid, and the Baluchistan is cool and arid whereas the coastal strip is prompt and humid. In wintry regions, durin g the winter temperature drops well below the zero. In the desert regions, the level best temperature corpse above 40C during more or less of the summer end with a peak often approaching 50C.The climatic regions have been divided based on various criteria.Fig 2.1 map of climatic zones of Pakistan2.4 Climate of Lahore RegionLahore lies 217 meters above sea level and it lies between 3115 and 3145 North latitude and 741 and 7439 East longitude. On the North and West Lahore is bounded by Sheikhupura district, Wagah surrounds Lahore on east, and on the south of Lahore there is Kasur District. The river Ravi flows on the North of Lahore. Lahore city has a total land area of 404km2.The Lahore region comes under the blueprint compo rate zone, according to climatic zone map. It lies near the het up ironic zone and in summer the twisting direction is such that the wind blows northeast towards southwest of the city affecting the climate of Lahore region. The effect of sweltry alter zo ne starts from March and remains till September as the wind direction is southwest which means from importunate alter zone towards Lahore region. The main features of this season are that the winds blown are hot and adept of ashes during the daytime but are cooler in night. blockade-to-end the day very strong wind blows. The climate of Lahore region can be divided into the following broad categories2.4.1 Hot and dryHot and dry live is found in the months of March and April. In these months the air is dry with the pinch sky and no sea breeze to fancy the excessive heat as the Lahore region is located more(prenominal) than kibibyte km from the nearest sea, the temperature rise is sharp. In the mid-March the maximum temperature reaches up to 90 F and till the middle of April temperatures reaches up to 100 F. Due to clear sky, nights are cooler having the second-rate temperature of al some 65 F (18 C). The rainwater is very less in this duration.2.4.2 Very hot and dryIn t he months of May and June the weather of Lahore is very hot and dry and the heat is at its peak in these months. In the second week of May, the temperature reaches up to cx F (43 C).The heat is oppressive, humidity level is low with very hot and dry wind which is called loo in local language blowing most of the time. The month of June still remains hotter with the temperature sometimes reaching to 119 F (48 C). that in June due to intense low pressure created by the extreme heat, sometimes some moisture from Arabian Sea finds its way to this region and causes rain which for the brings the temperature down temporarily.2.4.3 Hot and wetThe months of July to September are rainy. Monson clouds go from the Bay of Bengal and after traveling intimately 100 km over India reaches Pakistan and enter Lahore from the South- East. This rain system in these months called Monsoons. This is a regular characteristic of the Punjab, in this country. The weather is cool and pleasant when it rains, otherwise hot and humid. Although the temperature decreases significantly, from nearly 106 F ( 41 C ) just before the monsoons starts in Lahore to about 95 F ( 35 C ) but as the monsoon arrives there is the increase in the relative humidity which increases from less than 25% to more than 65%. The mellow temperature along with the excessive humidity makes the weather very exhausting. Moreover sometimes the rain move with such an avalanche that it drowns the low lying area and people have to undergo great hardships so this weather is a mixed blessing.2.4.4 Warm and dryWarm and dry weather remains in the months of October and November. Since the monsoon stops at the end of September, the weather again becomes dry again but the temperature is considerably less hot this time. The dry continental air remains in the region. The temperature is moderate to spry during days whereas the weather is cooler in nights. The average high temperature is nearly 85 F (29 C) and at night due to dry air temperatures it can decrease to 53 F (12 C) especially at the end of October or early November. There is no rain in this season and this season is the driest season as compared to other seasons. This extreme dryness creates a lot of dust and haziness which results in pollution in the milieu.2.4.5 chill and dryThe most pleasant months of all are December January February in Lahore. This is the most perfect weather of Lahore. The peak high temperature is nearly 68 F (20 C) and the peak low temperature is nearly 41 F (6 C). The climate remains cool, refreshing and sunny. However sometimes, a rain bearing system known as western disturbance which has its source in Mediterranean Sea affects the Lahore region and causes rain. But the rain is not so strong neither it remains for a long duration. So the weather most of the times remains sunny, dry and refreshing.In fact, the climate of Lahore is hot and dry for the maximum period of the year with a short winter period with very refre shing weather.2.5 Climatic indicators of LahoreThe table below displays average periodic climate indicators in Lahore which is based on 8 years of diachronic weather readings.Temperature in FahrenheitTable 2.2 average monthly climate indicators in Lahore2.6 Hot dry climateThe hot dry equatorial land lying between the two mean annual isotherms of 68F (20C) has regions where the temperature during the summer season may reach 43.3C or may exceed and the vapor pressure is below 25millibars.2.6.1 Elements of hot dry climate1 Seasonal transmutation2 var. temperature3 Humidity4 Precipitation5 Wind6 gear conditions and solar radiation7 Dust storm2.6.1.1 Seasonal variationIn these regions there are two major seasonshot seasonwinterFig 3.2 Monthly averages of the minimum and maximum daily temperatures.C/F2.6.1.2 Air temperatureThe main features of the climate are temperature remains high during the day 80-130F (26.67-54.44C) in the summer months along with strong sunniness reflecting pi tilessly from light dry and parched earth.There is however a big difference between summer and winter temperatures due to the variable altitude of sun. During winter the day temperature is usually as high as 90F (32.22C) but the temperature is quite low at nights ,whereas during summer the temperature goes down to 50F(10C) compared with 70F (21.11C) at night.2.6.1.3 HumidityHumidity remains low, copulation humidity varies with the air temperature. It can go below 20% in evening to over 40% at night. V.P fairly steady ever-changing with location and season from about 500-1500 N/m22.6.1.4 PrecipitationThe essence of rainfall or precipitation is generally noted as the average mm/day or mm/month which provides a beneficial recitation regarding seasonal changes.Usually, average maximum rainfall in 24 hours or the average number of days in which a certain amount (in cm.) of rainfall happened is similarly stipulation. This data is beneficial as an indicator of the rain intensity, wh ich will affect the design of windows, roofs and sewerage etc.July and August are the months in which most rainfall materialise, whereas June and September also have some rainy days. For the rest of the year, hardly any rain fall occurs in Lahore. Based on temperatures and precipitation data, during the hot and rainy season it is not advised to go between June and September. The rest of the year is dry with cold-temperate daytime temperatures.Fig 3.3 Precipitation is any kind of water that falls from the sky as part of the weather.2.6.1.5 Sky conditions and solar radiationsThe skies are without clouds for the most of the period of the year where as frequent dust haze and storms occur mostly in the good afternoon. Direct solar radiation is severe and is amplified by radiation reflected from the barren and light colored landscape.Fig 3.4 Monthly average numbers of hours of sunshine per day.2.6.1.6 WindWinds are mostly native they are generally low in the morning however increasing to wards afternoon and are maximum in the afternoon, most commonly accompanied by whirlwinds of dust and sand.2.6.1.7 Dust stormsDust storms mostly occurs on summer afternoons which is the most intolerable part of the day , when routine winds blow at 15-220 miles per hour. These dust storms also occurs in other parts of the day i.e. in the evening and nights.2.7 Climatic design of buildingClimate has a great effect on building performance and electricity consumption of the building. The process of recognizing, deducing and arrogant climatic effects at the building is perhaps the most strong part of building design. The main objectives of climatic design of building should let inTo minimize electricity cost of a building.To take benefit of maximum of natural energy instead of mechanical system and electricity.To provide soft and healthy environment for inhabitants.2.8 Factors affecting climatic designThe native micro-climate and site brokers influence the actual environmental condit ions of the building. Some important factors related to site should be included while making the climatic analysisTopography- elevation, slopes, hills and valleys, free-base advance conditions.Vegetations height, mass, silhouette, texture, location, growth patterns.Built forms nearby buildings, surface conditionsImportant caloric design factors which should be considered include solar heat gain, conduction heat flow and ventilation heat flow. The design variables in architectural terms which are important to be considered areShape surface-to-volume ratio orientation building height.Building fabric materials and construction thermic insulation surface qualities shading and sun control.Fenestration the size, position and orientation of windows window glass materials away and internal shading devicesVentilation air-tightness outdoor fresh air intersection ventilation and natural ventilation.2.9 Thermal pouffeThere is no ratified standard for thermal comfort. This is not a stonishing, as people can and do live in a wide range of climates from the equator to high latitudes. An Internationally- evaluate definition of thermal comfort, used by ASHRAE, is that condition of mind which expresses contentment with the thermal environment (ISO7330).Perceptions of this environment are influenced by air temperature, radiant temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, activity and clothing.Fig 3.5 achieving comfort in buildings2.9.1 The comfort zoneThe Comfort Zone means the range of temperature conditions of air movement, humidity and exposure to direct radiations, under which a normally clothed somebody feels comfortable. This will differ for Indoor conditions as compared to Outdoor conditions. This will also vary for different cultures and regions and varying climate conditions.As an Architects we use our buildings to not only create comfortable inside environments, but also aesthetic and beneficial spaces outside our buildings.2.9.2 Thermal comfort indexA thermal comfort index serves the objective to evaluate the effect of environmental factor on the thermal feeling of inhabitants. Number of methods have been used in the previously to evaluate the thermal comfort level. However it is not potential to gratify every person in a building and a small number of persons are always discontented with the thermal environment due to individual variations. Several efforts have been made to produce a subjective and quantitative way of representing the thermal comfort.Thermal comfort condition in tropical summer conditions is given by Sharma and All at the Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India. The ranges and optimum entertains are given in table.Thermal sensationRange COptimum value CSlightly cool19-2522Comfortable25-3027.5Slightly warm30-3432Table 3.3 temperature ranges in different thermal zones2.9.3 Optimal settings for indoor(prenominal) temperatureResearchers have carried out much research on the most fitted comfort condit ions, and have come up with general comfort results kindred effective warmth, the recent comfort standards set by ASHRAE (American society of heating, refrigerating and air condition engineers) for an individual performing light work areThermal comfort conditionsAir temperature 73-77 F Relative humidity below 60 %Mean radiant temp equal to air temperatureAir velocity 10-45 ft/min

Jaguar Strategic Analysis

painter Strategic Analysis entranceway mountain lion trim back Rover autos (JLR), is ane of the largest auto manufactures around the world. It was founded in 1922 by two motorcycle fanatics i.e. William Walmsley and William Lyons as mountain lion. Its intersections be luxurious and of proud superiority. cougar hire above 16,000 individuals, mainly in the UK (Ford Motors, 2009).As we know that Car trading is a very lucrative business, and this is the reason that most car manufactures industries be upgrading their market mix so as to encounter their clients film and as well tie the market race. This is a developed market and in that respect is entry fences forced mostly for the novices. This business distinctly, requires sufficient resources and heavy nest egg as a source of resources, and also solid technological experience. (Thomson 2008)This comprehend is an compendium of assignment 1 in order to identify the Jaguars maturements and impact. The repute covers cri tical summary on the friendships operations, structure, international environment, the system of the organization regarding its suitability and ability to report the macro-environmental and industry trends, product and service offerings and corporate actions, of the telephonerOVERVIEWJaguar main marketing objective is to reinforce its brand loveliness and to attain retailing range. The objective requirements be to tie the gap among its customers and its developed exertion (Daye VanAuken, 2009). The Jaguar wishes to achieve its social responsibilities and study courage to labor union in in partnerships with other organizations and NGOs to aid progress the locale and aliveness the shareholders in building the community relations. As this report is an depth psychology on my assignemt1. In pervious assignment I throw do pursuit findings.The terminologies connected to business environment both small and macro of the comp each JAGUAR.Their aims, market share and competiti ve advantageBusiness strategyProblems that invalid in the come withs success and also suggests the best fit approach for JaguarReport evaluates and analyses different methodologies want arise Analysis, PEST analysis and micro and macro environment of jaguarIn my previous work i study international environment of jaguar in which i studied ab offPESTL,PORTERfive forces andSWOT analysis. According to my study i sport made following analysis of jugular lodge. According to PESTLE analysis Jaguar party panoramas political, economic, social, technological and legal issues. According to political aspects company has stable interest in decreasing carbon emissions from vehicles and factories. So there is increased need for any alternative of open fire sources. Economically people are less(prenominal) cause to priced cares because jaguar lacks economical cars. accessiblely people wishinged Sports cars are less wanted because they are not environmentally friendly. Technologically Jaguar confuse need to advance hybrid or electric carsLegallyJaguar should need to acclimate the method in which company work to put up parvenue rules or laws. According to porter five forces analysis buyers of jaguar want jaguar appliances and engines in their cars. Suppliers of jaguar are the people who deliver separate and machinery. New competition to the jaguar arouse be from previous car corporations who may investigate the luxury car market, this competition can defy from companies same(p) Volkswagen, Ford, and Peugeot. Company can face rivalry from multiple companies like BENZ, BMW, Aston Martin, Porsche, and Bentley Mercedes Benz. Potential clients who may be watching for a high writ of execution car can be persuaded by motorcycles as an alternative.in SWOT analysis Jaguars strength is due to its status for creating a range of top cars with its great workforce. It also has strong post in look and growth. Weakness is lies in the fact that jaguar is not an eco-frien dly company so it may have negative influence on the company. (Duane Michael 2011) Jaguar must some opportunities like they can improve their outstanding standing for quality if they want to accommo realize their competitive edge in the market.(Barney 2010) Threaten Jaguars strategical view is because of development fuel prices, less throwaway income and changing interest. Governmental rules will also threaten JaguarANALYSIS Suitability In my previous analysis I cover most of the macro-environment and industry analysis tools here I am recommending the use of strategic option of the organization. Jaguar aspiring development plans can only be reinforced by bringing impertinence in innovative engines, products, and environmental technologies. The company has a complex strategy for placing itself as a foremost producer of best vehicles. The companys success is think to its investment in product growth, and is imitated in the RD, strategic emphasis on capital spending, and product d esign. The strategic position of Jaguar through the early examines seem to be strong within their target market. Jaguars aims to keep this position by development and research are certainly, that how they are keeping this position actually. If Jaguar needs to strengthen this position, though, they must expand their image as being ecological. This could be attained through their previously firm research and development. (Gov.uk, 2017)ACCEPTABILITYPrincipal risks.Global economic and geopolitical environment Jaguar worldwide presence raises its contact to worldwide economic and geopolitical risks and external factors for example the current UK survey to leave the EU, political unpredictability, terrorism, wars, congenital tragedies, epidemics, fuel lacks, and labor strikes.Environmental regulations and compliance Jaguar has many strategies, laws and regulations that cover its environmental features connected to production services and vehicles for example, fuel economy and greenhouse blow out emissions. rivalrous business efficiency Jaguar has started programs to enhance operating competency in response to the dynamic external setting including prevalent and maturation modest challenges.Brand positioning it is becoming gradually challenging as the broader motorized market and digital setting develops where new rivals are evolving and prevailing are growing.Product liability and recalls This may interrupt existing and potential difference consumers to question about the superiority of Jaguar Land Rover products. switch rate fluctuations This can drive to a important exposure to variations in foreign currency, particularly gross sales in US Dollars and Chinese Renminbi along with costs in EuroGlobal expansion As global sales and industrial track increases company have risks as geopolitical risks, epidemics, natural tragedies, discrepancy and vagueness of economic and governmental rules, the interpretation of native laws and guidelines and taxation systemssta tistical distribution channel A risk to consumer service could worsen.Patent and IP trade protectionRisks includebreach of intellectual property (i.e. copyright, designs trademarks, patents,).Unethical and prohibited business usesAs company increases global footprint they are bare to the potential risks related with diverse ethical values and cultural norms. (Bacon, 2009) (Full Issue PDF, Volume 41, Issue 4, 2016) feasibilityUse of estimates and judgments The planning of financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires the use of definite grave accounting estimations. It also needs vigilance to work out its judgment in the procedure of put on the companys accounting rules. revenue recognition It includes the quantities charged to clienteles outside the company and is measured at middling value of the concern net of discounts, receivable , sales incentives, client bonuses and rebates established, which can be recognized at the point of sale.Cost recognition Expenditures a re exploited where suitable in conformity with the policy for internally made intangible assets and signify stores and other manufacturing supplies, worker costs, and other expenditures experienced for product development assumed by the company.Government grants and incentives Government endowments are cognize when there is assurance that the company will obey with the pertinent wad and the funding will be received. Government grants are documented in the income statement on a methodical basis when the company distinguishes, as expenses, the linked costs that the endowments are en viewed to recompense.Foreign currency The Company has a practical and performance currency of GBP. Contacts in foreign currencies are noted at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction.Income taxes they include present and deferred taxes.People and Skills The essential capabilities within a company can be viewed as extents where the company is very good at and therefore set them separately from the competition. One of Jaguars extremely high qualities is its group of experts and motivated staff. This outstanding staff has a positive attitude on the rest of manufacture, e.g. tasks for example assembly and maintenance of offering sturdy and undifferentiated vehicles, for which Jaguar is famous for. This is also the jaguars vision to produce desirable cars. (Ford Motors, 2009) The companys sustainability vision targets to guarantee their business although replying to worldwide trends and stakeholder requirements. Their strategy will aid to guard duty that sustainability is rooted at each stage of the life cycle of their products and at all stages of business.CHALLENGESThrough analysis I have discover one of the chief problems is Future profitability and the faith of shareholders. Company makes great performance and best vehicles however, they do not want to have an important environmental outline. As a rising company, its more imperative than ever that we have a complet e strategy prepared to decrease impact on the environment and exploit the optimistic welfares that business can bring (Wallace and Tovey, 2017)RECOMMENDATIONSTo face the challenges we must react efficiently to numerous developing worldwide trends that are influencing the future of companys business. Away from the influence of products, supply chain operations and, we have a broader duty to provide benefits to the society and the economy. Companys Global merged Social Responsibility strategy helps to improve solutions for social and economic challenges. Areas of focus consist of proceeding knowledge by building engineering and science skills, emerging young engineers and backup technology businesspersons. (Pierini, Eckert, 2008)CONCLUSIONThis report has well assessed Jaguars strategic position and also known growing technologies and their influence on this position. The external environment was assessed and it showed Jaguars position in its related market zone. Five forces, PESTL and SWOT analyses were carried out to show how strong Jaguars place in their market was. Generally, Jaguar is very securely working as a leader in their market.REFERENCESJaguar (2013) JAGUARonline available from http//www.jaguar.co.uk 2013Thomson, R 2008, Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jaguar, Press absolveFord Motors 2009, Tata Motors enter into Definitive Agreement with Ford for purchase of Jaguar Land Rover, Press releaseDaye D, Van Auken B 2009. The Benefits of Corporate Brands. From (Retrieved 15 July 2009).Duane, I, Michael, A 2011, Understanding business strategy concepts and cases Mason, South-Western Cengage LearningBarney, J 2010, Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, 17, pp.99 120Bacon, N 2009, Competitive advantage through human resource management best practice or core competencies? Human Relations, Vol.4, pp. 361 372Huselid, A 2006, Strategic human resources management where do we go from here? Journal of Management, Vo l. 32, pp. 898 925Gross, S 2009, End-of-life vehicles management in Europe driving the change Cases of Sweden and Germany. IIEE, Lund UniversityPierini, M Eckert, V 2008, Strategy-based approach to eco-design application program to an automotive component, International Journal of Vehicle Design, vol. 6, pp 156-17Gov.uk. (2017). Jaguar Land Rover manufacturing more resource efficient cars Case study GOV.UK. online operational at https//www.gov.uk/government/case-studies/jaguar-land-rover-manufacturing-more-resource-efficient-cars Accessed 21 Jul. 2016.Wallace, T. and Tovey, A. (2017). UK firms from engineers to banks struggle to fill skills shortage. online The Telegraph. Available at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/03/04/uk-firms-engineers-banks-struggle-fill-skills-shortage/ Accessed 10 Mar. 2017.Full Issue PDF, Volume 41, Issue 4. (2016). Fisheries, 41(4), pp.157-212.

How Virgil Integrates Myth and History in The Aeneid

How Virgil Integrates f adequate and History in The AeneidHow does Virgil integrate legend and history in The Aeneid? hash out with reference to specific public lifes.Written as capital of Italy faced a impertinently era, and as its politics and society rapidly evolved, The Aeneid is essentially Virgils k nowledge reflection on these trans pass waterations. The narrative, interwoven with numerous historical and fictionologic elements, highlights his policy-making and moral concerns regarding the naked empire, his blurring of boundaries, between past and open, and myth and reality, bookmarking this exploration. As these worlds collide and blend throughout the narrative, our reading of Aeneas journey is expanded this epic poetry substructure myth rear end be read as Virgil doubting the new empire, how it would affect the romish identity and its traditional values, whether Rome was sincerely yours free from the violence and corruption of the Civil Wars, and his hope for peace low Augustus rule. By analysing the text we may infer the extent to which he integrates myth and history in his political commentary.This interweaving of reality and fiction for much(prenominal)(prenominal) exercise is seen instantly in Jupiters prophecy in prevail 1 where the very real figure of Augustus is linked to the fab figure of Aeneas. This link, as mapped out by Jupiter, passes from Aeneas, the initial founder of Rome, through the legendary check Romulus and Remus, central characters in Romes foundation legend, and onto a trojan horse Caesar(1.287), Augustus have uncle and adopted generate, Julius Caesar. Commonly seen in Julian propaganda of the 1st ampere- randomness BC, this association highlights the link between the gens Iulia and the eponymous figure of Iulus-Ascanius1, Aeneas son, and explicitly places Augustus in the line of noble stock the rulers of the world (1.282-286) originated from. Decreed to be a direct descendent of these two legendary chara cters by the get of the gods, Augustus is instantly cemented as the rightful ruler and depicted as the following(a) piece in Romes foundation myth that he in any case is a legendary figure. Furthermore, these characters themselves embody the blurring between myth and reality. For guinea pig each is of both divine and mortal descent Aeneas is the son of genus Venus and Anchises, Romulus the son of Mars and Ilia the priestess queen and Augustus too, according to Jupiters prophecy, can accompany his lineage to both these legendary figures, and a Caesar, Romes first imperial figure. This non only gives Augustus further gravitas and legitimacy as a ruler, but likewise suggests that he is re-establishing the Rome as it was prophesised, and the Roman identity as it should be. Also it suggests that Romes foundations argon evenly legendary, born from the combination of myth and reality, and disturbly endorsed by the gods.While Aeneas general journey in The Aeneid excessively sees this close relationship between myth and reality, we may also see it as mirroring Romes own growth as a nation.2 For example, Aeneas judgment of conviction in C artworkhage, between Books 1 and 4, represents the Punic Wars, a series of struggles fought between Rome and Carthage between 264 BC and 146 BC which saw more than a century of conflict, thousands of deaths, and Rome deliver the goods Carthage as the most fountainful state in the Western Mediterranean. This office is steeped in historical allegory Didos suicide and Carthage seemingly combustion with the flames of poor Didos pyre (5.3-4) represents Carthages own defeat at the deliberates of Rome, and its decline as Romes power grew. quest this Aeneas progress encapsulates the narrative and in Books 5 to 8 we see him claim gradually closer to Italy. This part of his journey however also sees legion(predicate) allusions to the Odysseus myth and is littered with markic motifs as Aeneas encounters a number of talisman ic creatures, such as journeying to the Underworld, contact with the Harpies and Cyclops, close encounters with the sea monsters Scylla and Charybdis and with the lands of the Sirens and Circe. By translating a Homeric and mythological world onto the strong-charted, and well-traversed, Mediterranean, Virgil continues to interweave reality and fiction, and, in doing so, blurs what is true and what is false. This also creates tension between the two as coeval readers, recognising the places Aeneas visits and passes, sees these familiar lands as the homes of legendary creatures. While on one hand this section can be seen as portraying Aeneas as an equal hero to Odysseus, it can also be seen as reflecting Romes journey and growth, from Trojan foundations to an identity of its own. Virgil continues this tension in Books 9 to 12 as Aeneas battles with the Latins closely reflect the recent Civil Wars, and Aeneas and Turnus one-to-one beleaguer represents the Battle of Actium where Augus tus defeated his last rival, Mark Antony. While gradually reflecting Romes past with Aeneas journey, Virgil strives to remind Rome of the destruction it has faced, externally such as in Carthage, and internally such as during the civil wars, and in doing so he attempts to show Romans that they must learn from their past. Like many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) historical epics, both Greek and Roman, The Aeneid is used to define a national identity in opposition to an other, as prove by the vast historical skeleton the narrative is built upon.As J. D. vibrating reed suggests, it aims to present Rome as distinct to all other nations from the Trojans with whom it originated, the Greeks whom the Trojans had fought and who the Romans were to scourge by distancing Aeneas from the Homeric and Greek world the Carthaginians who threaten Roman control condition with the death of Dido and the Italian peoples among whom Rome arose with Aeneas war with the Latins.3Virgil continues to merge the past and present in Book 8 and, in Aeneas visit to Pallanteum, images of Virgils present-day(a) Rome bleed into the expositions of Evanders archaic settlement. For example, as Evander guides Aeneas, we see cows lowing in the Roman forum, and the Capitol, now all gold now bristling with rough scrub (8.349-362). Also, throughout the translation, many landmarks recognisable to Virgils modern readers, such the Alter of Carmentis and the Carmental Gate (8.338) ar seen. These images appear to transcend time itself, and by warping the familiar with the historical, Virgils narrative continues to run on underlying tension. However these images are also accompanied by those of a bucolic paradise the site is described as the haunt of native Australian fauns and nymphs and Saturns first Golden Age (8.315-325). Hence, with this blurring of past and present, and by translating images of coetaneous Rome onto those of pastoral peace, Virgil is linking Aeneas coming, and therefore Augustus, with Saturns he hopes that Augustus is bringing the arcminute Golden Age of peace and serenity (8.326). However, Evanders account is also greatly pessimistic, detailing a worser age of base material as the time of peace disintegrated and the madness of war and the lust for possessions (8.327-328) consumed all. While this is distinctly representing the recent civil wars that tore apart Rome, it also reveals Virgils own hopelessness for the future of Rome like Evander he views the Golden Age, and the empire, as only an intermission from continuous fighting and invasions.4 This hopelessness for the future appears to etymon from Virgils own cynical view of clement nature, as can be seen in the myth of Hercules and Cacus. In essence a rumor of a hero and a monster, and of archetypal good and bad, Virgils verbal description casts an unnerving coincidence between the two as both are described as incredibly violent and rabid with furor. This, therefore, causes us to quest ion whether Virgil truly endorses Aeneas, who is also seen as incredibly violent in battle, and the new emperor he represents. Supporting this is the description of Aeneas and Mezentius battle in Book 10 where the tale of Hercules and Cacus is literally mirrored as Mezentius rode around Aeneas terce times (10.886), re affair Hercules three trips around Mount Aventine in anger (8.231-232). This similarity disturbingly places Aeneas, our supposed hero, in the place of the monster Cacus and contradicts the many electropositive descriptions of Aeneas, causing us to believe that Virgil had mixed opinions about Augustus and the new empire this use of myth shows he had hopes for the peace one ruler could bring, however was cynical of the destruction human nature could cause.Book 8 also sees the pinnacle of Virgils use of myth and history in the description of Aeneas resplendent shield. Crafted by the fire god Vulcan it is a clear reproduction of Achilles own shield from The Iliad and a nother allusion to Homer. However, on one hand, while Homer chooses to depict the entire world, including the earth, oceans, heavens, magicians, and human life Hephaestus engraves Achilles shield with the pleasures of peace as Homer strives to remind his hero of what he is fighting for. Virgil, on the other hand, chooses to engrave Aeneas shield with a memorialization of Romes army victory, and her mastery in conflict as well as peace, as he prophesises Romes history.5 This is due to the context of The Aeneid. Written before long after the Battle of Actium where Augustus put an end to the strife of civil war in Rome, becoming the first emperor, The Aeneid reflects this recent shift in power the description of Aeneas shield in particular. Primarily, Virgils language choice, namely in characterisation, is important in establishing this Homeric relation and political undercurrent. For example, his description of Augustus sees the new emperors association with the divine increasingl y emphasised the gods themselves are listed in the description of his followers, indicating that he has the divine right to rule, and his recent success at Actium as determined by the gods. Also, Augustus is physically elevated in this image, and is therefore physically closer to Olympus. Similarly he is described as wearing a double flame and his fathers star (8.682). On one hand this associates him with Ascanius who, in Book 2, is blessed by the gods with a halo of holy fire, this portent followed by a second a star sent by the gods. This similarity, while supporting Jupiters prophecy in Book 1 that Ascanius will establish the seeds of a power that, eventually, will become Rome, further emphasises Augustus right to rule. Also, the inclusion of his fathers star alludes to his adoption of Julius Caesars name, and emphasises his legitimacy. Essentially, the description of Augustus is steeped in well-disposed and political context with the intention of establishing his sovereignty, s uggesting that there was possible unrest in his early years of power. This description, notably Augustus relationship to the gods, sees Virgils focussing on highlighting Augustus power, and the legitimacy of that power.Similarly, Virgils description of Antony informs us of the social and political background of The Aeneid. Introduced as in triumph from the shores of the Red Sea (8.688-689), Antony is portrayed positively, which, as Augustus rival, is peculiar. Also, he describes their conflict as mountains were colliding with mountains (8.694), associating both with the seemingly-immortal strength of Homeric heroes, and indicating that they are equals in power. Also, contextually, there was no honour in fighting a fellow Roman, and Virgil avoids this in his glorification of Augustus by undermining Antonys involvement. Virgil achieves this by using active verbs to describe Cleopatra, and while she is described as summoning her warships and calling for winds (8.698-708), her role in the battle eclipses Antonys. This has the effect of natural endowment Rome a common enemy the woman and the extraneouser. This in itself associates Cleopatra with Dido, also a foreign queen, who, throughout her relationship with Aeneas, is portrayed as deterring his progress, and therefore, deterring the progress of Rome. Furthermore, Cleopatras description echoes that of Dido. Called his Egyptian wife or the queen (8.689-698), she is denied a name, and the autonomy of self, well(p) as Dido, who is defined by her relationship with Aeneas so much so as to take her own life when he leaves. By giving the Romans a common enemy, the civil war is instead turned into that with a foreign power, and creates a sense of Roman unity, unity that perhaps was not as assured in reality, and notably, unity brought by Augustus success. The gods too are personaly characterised for effect. While on one hand, the Roman gods are named and recognisable, the Egyptian gods are described as monstrous, Vir gil even highlights the dog form of Anubis who barked at Neptune and Venus (8.699-700). This emphasis on the animalistic qualities of the Egyptian gods serves the purpose of establishing a divine hierarchy the Roman gods, as human in shape, naturally come before the dog god, an animal typically obedient to man. This hierarchy serves to assert Roman superiority, culturally and spiritually, as well as militarily.Virgils description of the shield in itself is important too throughout the passage, there is fluidity between narrative and object. This is achieved by the insidious blurring of the mythical world, as depicted on the shield, and the real Aeneas story. For example, as the passage flows through the narrative, certain words and phrases alluding to the material of the shield, how its made and the maker, such as the God of Fire who had fashioned the Nile with every fold of pallium beckoning (8.709-714), disrupt the flow and pull the reader sharply to reality. Also, there is a pr evalent dichotomy of senses we are told that Anubis barked while the Roman gods swooped and strode (8.699-703). This sense of drive and sound brings a still image and object alive, and reflects the power of well-crafted art just as Aeneas shield seems to come to life in his hands, the poem does in the readers mind.Ultimately, through his integration of myth and history, Virgil is able to blur truth and fiction, transforming The Aeneid into accepted fact. This not only establishes his account into the foundation myth of the Roman identity, but also establishes Augustus into the pantheon of Romes mythological founders. On a deeper level though it also allows him to explore complex issues such as the effect the civil wars had on the Roman identity, his hopes for Augustus rule, and his fears that human nature, greed and violence will plague the new empire. Essentially, through the unify of the two worlds, whether this be between the mythological and realistic, classical allusion and historical context, or narrative and material object, he achieves the ultimate contrast between a piece of literature, and a political message.BibliographyBell, K. K. 2008. Translatio and the Constructs of a Roman Nation in Virgils Aeneid, Rocky Mountain Review 62 11-24.J. D. Reed, Vergils Roman, in J. Farrell and M. C. J. Putnam (ed.), A Companion to Vergils Aeneid and its Tradition. Oxford 2010 66-79.J. E. G. Zetzel, Rome and its Traditions, in C. Martindale (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Virgil. Cambridge 1997 188-203.Johnson, W. R. 2005. asylum, in S. Lombardo (Trans.), Aeneid, Indianapolis. lxi-lxxi.R. D. Williams, The Purpose of The Aeneid, in S. J. Harrison (ed.), Oxford Readings in Vergils Aeneid. Oxford 1990 21-36.S. Casali, The Development of the Aeneas caption, in J. Farrell and M. C. J. Putnam (ed.), A Companion to Vergils Aeneid and its Tradition. Oxford 2010 37-51.Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. D. West Penguin Classics (London Penguin Books, 2003)Williams, R. D. 1965. The Mythology of the Aeneid, Vergilius 11, 11-15.ID number 1335307Words 2,4261Casali 2010 49.2Zetzel 1997 189.3Reed 2010 66 -76.4Zetzel 1997 191.5Johnson, W. R. 2005. Introduction, in S. Lombardo (Trans.), Aeneid, Indianapolis. lxi-lxxi.

Violence In Romeo And Juliet Essay -- essays research papers

Romeo and Juliet, by Shakespeare, is a match which shows how prejudice leads to escalating violence. Prejudice leads to violence shown in the play when the feuding families, the Montagues and Capulets, fight. In each case, disruption, fighting, injuries and death occur. Also, the prejudice in the midst of the two families neer was resolved, because they were enemies. The feuding started in Act 1 chance 1, when the Capulets and Montague servants confronted each other. The Capulets servants insult the Montagues and this leads to a street brawl of the two families. Furthermore, in Act 3 moving-picture show 1, the hatred between the families gets worse. When Tybalt wanted revenge against the Montagues, he then confronted Romeo and Mercutio and started a duel. In addition, the feud between the families got even worse, when Tybalt killed Mercutio. Also, in Act 5 Scene 3, Tybalt challenges Romeo to fight and Romeo kills him. The street in Verona, a public place, is where the feuding s tarts between the two families. In Act 1 Scene 1, Sampson and Gregory, servants for the Capulets, insulted the Montagues servants, Balthasar and Abraham. This leads to a fight, which involves the Lords of two families and the Prince. No death occurred, but the families attitudes against each other were worse than before. This created hate between the families, which lead to violence. In like manner, another duel between the two feuding families starts up, again, in the street of Verona in Act 3 Scene 1. When Merc...

Physics of Pool :: Sport Sports Billiard Billiards

When most of us go out to play pool we do not realize how much physics effects ourgame. If we took the time to run into at least the basic physics of pool it might beamazing to what degree we could improve our skills. Most of us already discern at leastsomewhat the general idea of how to play pool well. Below I will give abrief rendering of how physics plays a part in improving you game of pool. So read onif you care to impress your fellow pool players -Basic pulsation & Kinetic EnergyFor the purpose of billiards we will not go into slap-up detail as to what momentumis. Basically though it can be thought of using the following equationp = mvwhere p = momentumm = mess hall of aspirationv = velocity of aspirationKinetic force is energy associated with the motion of an object. For basic purposeswe can in effect(p) look at the following equation which relates kinetic energy with fortuneand velocity of an object.K = mv2where K = kinetic energyWhen you strike another(prenominal) ball with the cue stick ball it is almost a perfect elasticized collision.An elastic collision is one in which total kinetic energy as well as total momentumare conserve within the system. This can be shown by the two basic equations conservation of Kinetic Energy m1v1i2 + m2v2i2 = m1v1f2 + m2v2f2preservation of Momentum m1v1i + m2v2i = m1v1f + m2v2fwhere m = mass of objectv = velocitySince the cue ball has virtually the same mass as the other balls and the velocity ofour second ball will ceaselessly be zero, since we are striking a static ball with the cueball. In addition this is considered a two- dimensional collision. From this we knowthat momentum is salve within the y component and within the x component.Therefore in the case of pool we can rewrite these two equations as Conservation of Kinetic Energy m1v1i2 = m1v1f2 + m2v2f2Conservation of Momentum m1v1i = m1v1f cos+ m2v2f cos0 = m1v1f sin - m2v2f sinIn this last equation the minus home run comes from the fact after the collision ball twohas a y component of velocity in the downward direction from the x-axis. This canbe seen in the following diagram.The above diagrams show the initial velocity (both x and y directions) of both balls(Vxi &Vyi) as well as the final velocities (Vxf & Vyf). As we can see Vxi = Vxf (totalof red and blue balls) as well as Vyi = Vyf.

Socrates Essay -- essays research papers

Socrates (470-399 BC)Socrates was born to a poor Athenian family in 470 BC He spent most of his time teaching others. 1 of his pupils was Plato. Socrates was a believer in absolute truth rather than relational truth. His main interest was the process by which people learned how to imply for themselves.He would usually talk to whoever would take the time to listen. He take awayed many questions and criticized answers. His style of conversation has been given the name Socratic dialogue. Socrates would often ask students questions without giving them answers. When the students did give answers, he opposed them with clear logical arguments. This method acting forced his students to defend their statements and to clarify their thinking.Socrates was the wisest philosopher of his time. He was one of three gigantic teachers of ancient Greece. Socrates was short and fat, with a snub nose and wide mouth. in spite of his ugly appearance, many said he was a very chaste teacher and a plea sant man to be around. Socrates married a lady named Xanthippe. She was notorious for her sharp tongue and quick temper.The Athenian rout and its self-serving leaders did not appreciate Socrates and his teachings. In 399 BC, they accused him of contaminating the young and of not worshipping the gods worshipped by the state. These men took Socrates to trial and brought hi...

Drug Testing in the Workplace Essay -- Pre-Employment Drug Testing

do drugs testing has become a very big issue for numerous companies. Approximately eighty-one percent of companies in the joined States administer drug testing to their employees. Of these, seventy-seven percent of companies test employees prior to employment. Even with the everydayness of drug testing, it is still a practice that is generally limited to larger corporations which turn over the financial stability, as well as the human resources to efficaciously carry out a drug testing program. In the United States, it is suggested that as many as 70 percent of drug users atomic number 18 apply. Now this is a huge chunk, save as a resultant role of drug testing, these big corporations have a signifi screwtly lower sh be of the employed drug users on their workforce. Inversely, medium to smaller companies tend to have much. United States companies, who employ more than five hundred workers, employ single 1.3 percent of the employed drug users, while medium size companies , employing scarce twenty-five to five hundred employees, have 43 percent of the employed drug users on their payroll, and smaller companies, with fewer than twenty-five employees, let jobs for the stay 44 percent. Now, why is it important for companies to perform drug tests? First, drug users are a third less productive than the average employee, and tend to trade more sick days. They are almost four time more likely to cause an on the job accident and injure themselves as well as someone else. They are also five times more likely to injure themselves outside of the workplace, which in turn affects both performance and attendance. Now I?m sure almost everyone can attest to the fact that drugs, including alcohol can cause some austere injuries. A study by the United States Postal Service prime that substance abusers, when compared to their non-substance abusing co-workers, are involved in 55 percent more accidents, and sustain 85 percent more on-the-job injuries? (Why Drug Tes t). some other study conducted by the National Council reports that ?80 percent of those injured in ?serious? drug-related accidents at work are not the drug abusing employees but non-using co-workers and others? (Why Drug Test). All of these facts relate back to the general duty of the employers to provide a safe work environment for all of their employees. Companies also desire to create a safe, productive work environment in baseball club ... ...Spring 2002.8.) Bryan Jr., Leslie A. ?Drug examination in the Workplace.? original Safety. Oct. 2010. 9.) Pryweller, Joseph. ?Insurers, States, Offer Incentives for Testing.? Plastics News. 18 June 2001.10.) Professional Services of America. Drug Free Workplace Policy.11.) Bixby, Michael Dudley-Beck, Caryn Cihon, Patrick. The Legal Environment ofBusiness. scholar Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2001.12.) Supreme Court reporter October Term 2009 Volume 109 A. West Publishing Company St. Paul, Minnesota, 2009.13.) ?Drug Testing in the Workplace.? The American Civil Liberties Union. http//www.aclu.org/library/pbp5.html. 21 May 2002.14.) Daniels, Susan. ?Drug-testing Cuts apoplexy Costs Study.? National Underwriter (Property and Casualty/Risk and Benefits Management form v. 101). 23 June 2007.15.) Elkin, Sam. ?How to Establish a Drug-free Workplace.? Occupational Hazards v.61. March 2011.16.) Thatcher, Mike. ? chemical Warfare.? People Management. 24 Oct. 2010.17.) ?Why Drug Test Laboratory company of America 2003

The Meaning of Life Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Meaning of Life My few years on this planet form been a bit confusing. I have larn of some aspects of c atomic number 18er from which one can draw meaning, if indeed such(prenominal) meaning can be drawn. I have also intentional that in that respect can be no singular meaning of heart to stand for us all, or until now any one of us. What I have learned above all is that trying to put rowing to the meaning of carriage is a task of absolute absurdity. This is non to be confused with the idea that invigoration has no meaning, for life certainly has meaning. However, there is no single meaning of life to be defined - life is different for us all. Therefore, rather than define life for an entire planet, I shall try to explain what life means as I encompass it, and why it means so. When I was a child I matte up as though I owned the world. I lived my young life oblivious to the struggles and triumphs of society, simply happy for being in my place with my things. On one cool January evening, as I sat in my populate playing with my favorite action figures, simply holding my contentment, my father break my peace to take the family out for dinner. The meal was pleasant to my knowledge, but so ordinary in itself that the meal has long been forgotten, except dessert. I treasured churl cream, but I had no care for the waffle ice cream cones I preferred my ice cream to be served in a bowl. As I extended for my spoon, it slipped between my fingers and tumbled to the tier. I was taught to never eat with a dirty utensil, but to leave it on the floor would be impolite, so I reached for it intending to place it on the table. As my fingers grasped the shining object, my forehead nudged the bowl of ice cream that happened to be conveniently go up the edge of the table. It was a health... ...to learn - it is a reciprocal relationship, and both aspects are required elements of life. What does this mean? Does this mean that life is merely a level written from the suffering and laughing over a few revolutions some a star, while learning what can be learned onwards the experience is over? I try not to confuse life with such confusing meanings, for there are far too many reasons to contradict such meanings and even more opinions. Simply put, the sole determination of life is to just go with the flow. Whatever happens should happen naturally, and it cannot happen by any other method. Even supernatural interference, if present, can be viewed as natural, for who or what am I to decide that the hand of God is not natural? Who am I to say that I am even living outside of my own mind? In conclusion, I have narrowed life to one simple purpose to live.

Nike Air Flightposite :: essays research papers

SUMMARYThis report recommends that basketb whole players try the Nike spread Flightposite. These enclothes be hyper-thin, with a respectabley incorporate molded foamposite PU upper social system and a full-length, dynamic sleeve. This shoe is built for speed with a zippered dynamic- equalise lace cover the shoeliner is encased with hang glide Air to propose enhanced cushioning and responsiveness during fast(a) moves. all-round(prenominal) players seeking a high traction shoe with a hump like fit. Among other advantages, the Air Flightposite extremely lightweight and has a vast forward roll for fastbreaks.Cost is close to $160.00 a pair, but is worth(predicate) every penny, if you atomic number 18 indeed a serious basketball player. launchThis report will present the necessary information to help you tweak the right pair of basketball blank space. There are many contrasting combinations of components, which will make a basketball shoe perfect for you. determination the shoes just right for you is a long and energy-draining process. There are a few questions you must ask yourself when buy your basketball shoes. allow the materials and construction of the shoe produce the quality you expect? Will the shoes provide you with comfort? Will the shoes reflect your playing direction? Are the shoes constructed in a way that will provide stability, and greatly reduce the risk of pain and injury? And will the style of the shoe reflect your personality and describe your game? The answer to all of these questions is yes, if you are considering the Nike Air Flightposites.BACKGROUNDThe basic problem of actually purchasing a pair of basketball shoes, is the fact that there are so many brands, choices, styles, and prices. The following are some important characteristics that the Air Flightposite will provide.QualityQuality is a top priority when picking your shoe. Materials and construction are the two factors to quality and the Air Flightposite has just t he quality you are looking for. The shoe has a combination of synthetic leather, neoprene dynamic fit sleeve with a high wrapping foamposite construction. The midsole features fully integrated phylon foam, with full length Zoom Air sockliner for enhanced cushioning and responsiveness during quick moves.ComfortAlong with quality, comfort is a major factor. Comfort smoke be obtained by trying on different sizes. These shoes soak up a basic shrink to fit system. Many shoes whitethorn offer an inner bootie system, but none compare to that of the Air Flightposite. The inner bootie system of these shoes is actually secured with the outer graduated table allowing for no movement, which will keep your feet in place, providing maximum comfort.

The Extraordinary Jimi Hendrix Essay -- Art

The extraordinary performances, recording, and lyrics of crowd together Marshall Hendrix have made him impossible to forget. This American rock medication guitarist made a legendary mark not scarcely in the history of rock n roll and also on the pop culture as a whole (Ross 32). With unique techniques neer seen before and blatant sex-related performances on stage, he became unrivaled of the most authoritative unison figures of the 60s (Kamin). Hendrix was not innate(p) into stardom nor was it given to him by any means. He strived all throughout his life to be the very best. Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington to Al and Lucille Hendrix, and not until four days later did his father change his sons name to James Marshall Hendrix. He certainly did not lead an easy life with his sporadic school day and his parents divorce in 1958. Added to the building pressures, his mother died just one form later (Jimi, Rolling 42). Hendrix purchased his first guitar in 1958, probably to relieve tensions as it was the same year his parents divorced. It was a used acoustic for which he gainful only five dollars. At the age of seventeen with only one years playing experience, he joined his first band, the Rocking Kings. It maybe disenfranchised to imagine because of his image, but Hendrix was also in the Army for a legal brief period of time. He was presently discharged as a resolving of medical unsuitability later on a parachuting accident in which he landed on his ankle (Jimi, Rolling 42). He ventured guts to his hometown of Seattle and began playing with Bobby Taylor and the Vancouvers (Wolters, Pre-Experience). He seized the opportunity to go on the road after being discovered by Little Richard in 1963 but soon regretted the decision because... ...-seven years old. He became ill from a mixture of wine-colored and quinalbarbitone, a sleeping pill prescribed not to Hendrix but to his young lady (Wolters, Discography). When t he ambulance was called, they rushed to his London hotel and dashed him back to the hospital where he was enunciate dead on arrival. The attendants had carelessly laid him on his back as a result of their ineptitude, he asphyxiated in his own swan (Jimi, Rolling 94). Fortunately, the tragic death of this young man came after sort of than before he had contributed so much to the rock nroll era of the 60s. non only did he inspire black melodyians to persevere in their careers, but he also influenced the entire pop culture with his unprecedented music and stunning performances. In the eyes of many Americans, the legendary rock music guitarist Jimi Hendrix will live on forever (Kamin).

Hamlet :: essays research papers

junctures delay in seeking penalise directly correlates to the age in which the play was written along with the vox populi that settlement is brilliant but impatient, these are the reasons for Hamlets procrastination. His exasperation leads to his death in the end.In Elizabethan times, a ghost was broadly believed to be a devil that had put unitary acrossd the form of a perfectly person. These ghosts wanted to put into danger the souls of those nearest themselves through lies and other debatable behavior. In Hamlet, when the ghost first appears on the palace guards watch, no one affirms that it is the spirit of Hamlets father, save that it looks like him. Hamlet waits to be convinced that the ghost is indeed the spirit of his late father. When Hamlet decides to save The Murder of Gonzago before the king, he states as his motiveThe spirit that I have seenMay be the devil and the devil hath powerTo assume a pleasing shape yea and perhapsAbuses me to damn me. However, erst while he is convinced that the ghost is truly his father, Hamlet still appears to hesitate. nigh critics have explained this by analyzing his situation. Because the murder of the late king took place secretly, the danish court doesnt suspect Claudius. His reaction to The Murder of Gonzago is significant only to Hamlet and Horatio, and Hamlet cannot kill the king before publicly proving him a murderer (as he is dying, Hamlets main concern is that Denmark know his reasons for killing Claudius). Also, if Hamlet kills the king without supporters present to uphold the act, he himself might be straight off killed as a regicide. This shows is brilliance in the grand scheme of things. When Hamlet rushes at the king in the last scene, the whole court with one voice shouts, Treason Treason although Laertes has already exposed Claudiuss bad character. want the Oedipus of Sophocles, Hamlet is a tragic hero and thus largely determines his declare fate. Shakespeare portrays him as an extraor dinarily complex young manbrilliant, sensitive, noble, philosophic, and reckless.

Different Images Of The Wife Between Sixteenth Centuries And Today :: essays research papers

diverse Images of the Wife Between Sixteenth Centuries and TodayToday m both wives incessantly want to nurture same position with their hubby.So that they always have conflict with each other. Why they always haveconflict? Actually, it is cause by wife who changes the traditional role.As I remembered that wife and maintain soundd together very well insixteenth century. They didnt have any conflict. Many wives would obey theirhusband when their husband order them to do everything. What antithetical image ofthe wife between sixteenth centuries and today? We back tooth carve up three differentimages to explain in the Shakespeares play " The Taming of the shrew" and twain terms for Japanese women no longer resigned to traditional roles" and " Men,women more confused just about roles".The first different image is that more wives liked to live with theirhusband together in sixteenth centuries. In "The Taming of the shrew", Katherineneeded to live in the Petruchios house. When she pointed out the mis reduce to herhusband, her husband would call her who came back to their home. We can see thatthe respect of Katherine " Forward, I pray, since we have come so far, and beit moon, or sun, or what you please." 1 In fact, she needed her husband to certify her life. If Petruchio didnt support her life, then she couldnt liveonly herself. Oppositely, many wives have their unseasoned style of life today. Theydont need their husband to support their life. They can take care themselves.In article "Men, women more confused about roles" , Lillian is an example, "When her sexual union ended, she returned to work but would prefer to return fulltime to mothering." 2 , who doesnt need her husband to support her life.The second different image is that many husbands married their wifejust for heat in the sixteenth centuries. In " The Taming of the shrew" Lucentioloved Bianca very much, so that he disguised as a teacher who taught her Latineveryday. He wanted to express his love to Bianca. However, many husbands link uptheir wife not only for love today. Actually, they marry their wife who haveanother purpose. Miss Enomoto explains her feeling in the article " Japanesewomen no longer resigned to traditional roles". She recognizes that " They thinkthat just because I can cook, I can make a very goodish wife or a very good mother.But a mother is someone who raises children, not a cook. A wife is a partner,not a cook.

The Black Death :: Disease, Plague

The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemic that hit atomic number 63 in history. The Black Death first emerged in the shores of Italy in the resound of 1348 (Gottfried,1). The plague came from several Italian merchant ships which were returning to Messina. Several sailors on board were dying of an un cognise disease and a few long time after arriving in Messina, several residents within and outside of Messina were dying as well (Poland 1). The Black Death was as deadly as it was because it was non limited by gender, age, or species. The Black Death was also real deadly because it could attack in three different forms the bubonic, pneumonic, and infected plague. veritable(a) though the bubonic plague can not be ancestral among mans, it was the most common of the three plagues. The bubonic plague occurs when fleas feed on the blood of infected rodents, which are usually rats (Poland 1). The bacterium that causes the infection is known as Yersenia Pestis. The fleas then pa ss the bacteria when they bite a human or when materials infected with Yersenia pestis directly enters the body through a wound. The name of this plague come from the swellings, also known as buboes, that appeared on a victims neck, armpits, or groin (Gottfried,1).The lymph nodes suddenly become severe and swollen with pus especially in the groin. Later, the skin splits and oozes pus and blood. crease also comes out of the victims urine which, like the lie of the symptoms, smells horribly. These swellings (also known as tumors) could be as small as an testis or as big as an apple. Even though or so people survived this disease, others would have a life expectancy of a week.The septicemic plague was transmitted in the same way as the bubonic plague. The septicemic plague was transmitted with direct contact with a flea bite. The entirely three droves in which the disease could live in were in humans, rats, and fleas (Inspecta 1). at heart the rat flea, the bacteria Yersenia p estis multiply inside the flea which in turn, blocks the fleas indorse causing it to be very hungry. As a result, the flea starts biting the host vigorously which in turn would spread the plague to the host. Since the bacterium is lock away blocking the fleas stomach, the flea would still be hungry and therefore it would conduct to bite other humans until it starves to death.

Actual and Symbolic Barriers in Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essay

Actual and Symbolic Barriers in Robert Frosts mend Wall The appearance of prohibitions, both literal and figurative, is significant to the narrative of Robert Frosts improve Wall. The story in this piece revolves around a besiege separating twain men, their yards, and their lives. The jetty is not only a physical boundary it alike symbolizes the barriers between the dickens in other aspects of their lives.The most noticeable barrier in this work is obviously the wall dividing the yard. The reason for a wall between the trees is un sack outn to the narrator and the reader. The speaker questions the need for the smother when he says, Before I built a wall Id ask to know/ What I was walling in or walling out, / And to whom I was like to give offense. These feelings argon expressed also in lines 23 through 26. The wall is fit(p) between the neighbors pine grove and the speakers apple orchard. Is on that point a extremum in dividing these trees? Even though the narrator does not know the mean of the wall, he is always the one responsible for making sure it is mended every(prenominal) year. More than likely he unconsciously feels a need for the repugn too. Perhaps it is a need for his privacy or maybe it is a need to comport a connection with the outside world. In the lines Where they have not left one stone on a stone, / exactly they would have the rabbit out of hiding, the wall represents the barriers people put up so that their vulnerabilities and secrets can remain hidden. Once this wall is broken there is a need to mend it in order to keep others from eyesight what is on the opposite side of the wall. There are other instances of the wall representing the need for separation between personal and private aspects of lives. In lines 16 though 20, ... ...need to keep the wall up in order to defend themselves from outsiders. At the same time though, the need for the ritual of mending the surround is beyond their control. The narrator s tates, Something there is that doesnt love a wall...And makes gaps even two can pass abreast. (Lines 1-4) The choice to pass through the skirt is available, and so is the choice to mend the wall each year. Both know that the fence result fall again and the next spring they will be reunited. As broad as the literal wall exists there will be contact between the two men. However as long as the figurative barriers remain, the distance between them is further than any fence could separate them. Work CitedRobert Frost. Mending Wall. Making Literature Matter An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Ed. bottom Schilb and John Clifford. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. p106-107.

Oppression and Class warfare Exposed in Dr. Howard Zinn’s A People’s Hi

Dr. Howard Zinns A Peoples account of the joined States might bebetter titled A Proletarians History of the United States. In the number 1three chapters Zinn looks at not only the memorial of the conquerors,rulers, and leaders but also the history of the enslaved, theoppressed, and the led. Like every the Statesn History book covering the timeperiod of 1492 until the early 1760s, A Peoples History tells thestory of the discovery of America, early resolution by Europeanpowers, the governing of these colonies, and the rising discontent ofthe colonists towards their leaders. Zinn, however, stresses the role ofa number of groups and ideas that most books neglect or skim over the rent of the Native Americans that had their numbers reduced by up to90% by European invasion, the equality of these tidy sums in many regardsto their European counter region, the importation of slaves into Americaand their unspeakable travel conditions and treatment, the callousbuildup of the agricultural e conomy near these slaves, the discontented colonists whose plight was ignored by the rulingbourgeoisie, and most importantly, the rising rank and racial strugglesin America that Zinn correctly credits as creation the root of many of theproblems that we as a nation have today. It is merry to see a bookthat spends space based proportionately around the people that livedthis history. When capital of Ohio arrived on the Island of Haiti, at that place were39 men on board his ships compared to the 250,000 Indians on Haiti. Ifthe white race accounts for less than deuce hundredths of mavin percent ofthe islands world, it is only fair that the natives get more thanthe two or three sentences that they get in most history books. Zinncites population figures, first person accounts, and his owninterpretation of their effects to create an dead on target and fair depictionof the first two and a half centuries of European life on the continentof North America.The core part of any history bo ok is obviously history. In the firstthree chapters of the book, Zinn presents the major(ip) historical facts ofthe first 250 historic period of American history starting from when ChristopherColumbuss Nia, Pinta, and Santa Maria landed in the Bahamas on October12, 1492. It was there that Europeans and Native A... ...form of rhetoric, concessions, and propaganda calling forloyalty to Americas upper classes and rebellion, first quiet and thenloud, against England. The bind of loyalty was the language ofliberty and equality, which could unite scarcely enough whites to fight aRevolution against England, without ending either slavery or inequality(58). Zinn is absolutely correct in seeing the later(a) motives of ourfounding fathers they realized that splitting from England would begood for them financially, socially, and politically. What they did washarness the peoples anger against them and used it, quite ironically,for their own advancement. Ultimately, for the first 250 years of Americas history, there wasoppression and class warfare on varying scales that are traditionallyignored or unemphasized by traditional history texts, but Zinnmasterfully shows the reader are major and influencial parts of Americanhistory. To ignore the plight of the conquored and oppressed is toignore a part of history that cannot be ignored. Work CitedZinn, Howard, A Peoples History of the United States, New York Harper and Row Publishers, 1980